| HABIT : A diffuse annual, much branched herb with roots similar to turmeric in colour. |
| LEAVES : Simple, opposite, ovate or oblong-obovate, truncate or obtuse, irregularly and coarsely crenate-serrate, glabrous above, minutely scaly below, petiolate. |
| FLOWERS : Pedicellate, calyx teeth linear, scaly outside, persistent.
Petals connate into a broad tube, lobes obtuse. Stamens included, filaments dilated, glandular hairy at the base, anthers kidney-shaped.
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| FRUIT : Indehiscent, abruptly narrowed at the base and with a patent spreading spine at each basal corner of the broader part, spine 2-4 mm long.
Seeds 2 or 1 per locule, oblong.
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| FLOWERING AND FRUITING TIME : During monsoon season. |
| Whole plant - Urinary problem, urinary calculi, urinary troubles, dieurtic, male fertility disorder, leucorrhoea. |
| Fruits -Diabetes, demulcent, antispasmodic and aphrodisiac, Gonorrhoea. |
| Root- anti-bilious, calm body heat, virility, Pousthik. |
| Leaves- Ulcers, dysuria, Bone fracture, diarrhea, splenic enlargement, diabetes, Gonorrhoeal rheumatism, Aphrodisiac, Demulcent. |
